Breast Cancer
Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor that may spread to nearby tissues or distant organs. It is one of the most common cancers in women but can also occur in men.
Common Symptoms
- A lump or thickening in the breast or underarm
- Change in breast size or shape
- Nipple discharge (especially bloody)
- Skin changes like dimpling or redness
- Inversion or retraction of the nipple
- Persistent breast pain
Risk Factors
- Increasing age
- Family history of breast or ovarian cancer
- Genetic mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2)
- Early menstruation or late menopause
- Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
- Alcohol consumption
- Hormone replacement therapy
Diagnosis
- Clinical breast examination
- Mammography
- Breast ultrasound
- MRI
- Biopsy for confirmation
Treatment Options
- Surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy)
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Hormonal therapy
- Targeted therapy (HER2 inhibitors)
- Immunotherapy (for specific types)
