Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer develops in the testicles, which are part of the male reproductive system responsible for producing sperm and testosterone. Although relatively rare, it is one of the most common cancers in young and middle-aged men. Early detection leads to highly successful treatment outcomes.
Common Symptoms
- A painless lump or swelling in either testicle
- Feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
- Dull ache in the abdomen or groin
- Sudden fluid buildup in the scrotum
- Pain or discomfort in a testicle
- Back pain (seen in advanced stages)
Risk Factors
- Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)
- Family or personal history of testicular cancer
- Age (most common between 15β45 years)
- Abnormal testicle development
- HIV infection
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Scrotal ultrasound
- Blood tumor markers (AFP, Ξ²-hCG, LDH)
- CT scan for staging
Treatment Options
- Surgery (orchiectomy)
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy (specific types)
- Surveillance for early-stage cases
